Frankincense and Myrrh in the Bible Symbolism and SignificanceThe Meaning of Frankincense and MyrrhIn the Bible, frankincense and myrrh are two highly valued substances that hold symbolic significance. These aromatic resins were used in various religious rituals and have become emblematic of different spiritual themes throughout biblical history. The gifts of frankincense and myrrh are especially famous for their role in the story of the birth of Jesus Christ, as mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew.
This topic delves into the role of frankincense and myrrh in the Bible, exploring their historical context, usage in religious practices, and their deeper meanings in the Christian faith.
What is Frankincense and Myrrh?
Before understanding their biblical significance, it is essential to know what frankincense and myrrh are.
Frankincense is a resin obtained from the sap of trees belonging to the genus Boswellia. It is known for its fragrant smoke when burned, making it valuable in incense production. Frankincense was widely used in the ancient world for its aromatic qualities and was often associated with worship and sacred rituals.
Myrrh, on the other hand, is also a resin, but it comes from the Commiphora species of trees. It has a rich, earthy fragrance and was used for various purposes, including perfume, incense, and medicinal applications. In the Bible, myrrh is often linked to themes of suffering, death, and preparation for burial.
Frankincense and Myrrh in the Bible Historical Context
The Bible mentions frankincense and myrrh several times, both in the Old and New Testaments, illustrating their importance in various religious and cultural contexts.
1. The Gifts of the Magi (Matthew 211)
One of the most famous references to frankincense and myrrh comes from the story of the three wise men, or Magi, who visited the newborn Jesus. According to the Gospel of Matthew, the Magi brought three gifts to honor the infant Christ gold, frankincense, and myrrh. These gifts held deep symbolic meaning, which went beyond their material value.
Gold symbolized kingship, recognizing Jesus as the King of the Jews. Frankincense symbolized divinity, representing Jesus as the Son of God and as a figure worthy of worship. Myrrh, with its connection to death and burial, symbolized Jesus’ future sacrifice, foreshadowing his role as the Savior who would die for the sins of humanity.
2. The Use of Frankincense and Myrrh in Worship (Exodus 3034-38)
In the Old Testament, both frankincense and myrrh were used in the context of worship. In Exodus 30, God provides detailed instructions for the making of a special incense that was to be burned in the Tabernacle. This incense included frankincense and myrrh, along with other spices, and was considered sacred. The incense was meant to be used only in the Tabernacle and was not to be reproduced for personal use.
The smoke from the incense served as a symbol of the prayers of the people rising to God, and the act of burning incense became a regular part of the Jewish worship practice. The use of frankincense and myrrh in these rituals highlighted their sacredness and connection to divine communication.
3. Myrrh in the Anointing of Kings and Burial (Mark 1523, John 1939)
In addition to its role in religious rituals, myrrh also held significance in anointing and burial practices. In Mark 1523, when Jesus was crucified, he was offered wine mixed with myrrh as a form of pain relief. While he refused this mixture, it reflects the use of myrrh in the ancient world as a medicinal substance.
Myrrh’s most poignant biblical connection comes in the context of Jesus’ burial. In John 1939, after Jesus’ death, Nicodemus brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes to anoint Jesus’ body for burial. This act further solidified the symbolic meaning of myrrh as a substance associated with death, burial, and the preparation for the afterlife.
Symbolism of Frankincense and Myrrh in the Bible
Both frankincense and myrrh are rich in symbolism in the Bible, with each substance representing important theological concepts.
Frankincense A Symbol of Divinity and Worship
Frankincense is often seen as a symbol of holiness, divinity, and worship. In the Bible, the act of burning incense is closely tied to prayer and offerings to God. The rising smoke is considered a symbol of the prayers of the people being lifted to heaven. As a gift from the Magi, frankincense highlights Jesus’ divine nature as the Son of God, worthy of adoration and praise. The use of frankincense in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple further reinforces its association with God’s presence and holiness.
Myrrh A Symbol of Suffering, Death, and Burial
Myrrh, on the other hand, carries a deeper, more somber meaning in the Bible. It is often associated with death, suffering, and the preparation of bodies for burial. As a gift for Jesus, myrrh foreshadowed his eventual death on the cross and his burial after his crucifixion. The anointing of Jesus’ body with myrrh following his death underscores the reality of his sacrifice for the salvation of humanity. Myrrh also symbolizes the painful journey Jesus would undertake, fulfilling his mission as the Savior who would die for the sins of the world.
Frankincense and Myrrh in Christian Faith
In Christian theology, the gifts of frankincense and myrrh are rich with layers of meaning. They represent the dual nature of Christ – both divine and human. Frankincense reflects his divinity and kingship, while myrrh speaks to his humanity and the sacrifice he would make.
The story of the Magi, who brought these precious gifts to the newborn Jesus, serves as a reminder of the significance of Christ’s life and mission. The gifts are symbolic of the adoration, reverence, and recognition of Jesus’ role in God’s plan for salvation.
Conclusion The Lasting Legacy of Frankincense and Myrrh
Frankincense and myrrh are more than just valuable substances mentioned in the Bible. They carry profound symbolic meanings that connect to key themes in Christian faith – the divinity and kingship of Christ, as well as his sacrificial death and burial. The gifts of the Magi, as well as the use of frankincense and myrrh in religious rituals, reflect the deep spirituality and theological insights embedded in the biblical narrative.
Today, frankincense and myrrh continue to hold significance in Christian liturgy and religious practice. Whether as symbols of worship or as reminders of Jesus’ ultimate sacrifice, these two ancient resins remain enduring symbols of faith, devotion, and the profound mysteries of the Christian belief.