Pursuing a doctoral degree in law is an academic path that many legal scholars, professors, and advanced practitioners consider as the pinnacle of legal education. While most people are familiar with the Juris Doctor (JD), which is required to practice law in the United States, fewer are aware of the doctoral-level degrees that exist beyond the JD. These advanced degrees, including the Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD or JSD) and the PhD in Law, provide opportunities for deep legal research, teaching, and scholarly contribution to the field. Understanding the structure, purpose, and benefits of these programs is essential for anyone considering a doctorate in law.
Understanding the Types of Doctoral Degrees in Law
In the legal education system, there are several advanced degrees that are often referred to as ‘doctorates’ in law. These include the Juris Doctor (JD), which is considered a professional doctorate, and research-oriented degrees like the SJD (Doctor of Juridical Science) or the PhD in Law.
Juris Doctor (JD)
The Juris Doctor is the primary degree required to practice law in the United States. Despite its title, the JD is considered a professional graduate degree, not a research doctorate. It usually takes three years to complete and focuses on legal theory, case law, and practical skills needed for legal practice.
While it is labeled a ‘doctor’ degree, JD graduates do not typically refer to themselves as ‘Doctor’ in a professional context. The JD is equivalent to other professional doctorates such as the MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DVM (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine).
Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD or JSD)
The Doctor of Juridical Science is considered the highest academic degree in the field of law. It is a research-based degree, typically pursued after obtaining a JD or an LLM (Master of Laws). The SJD or JSD is designed for individuals who wish to become legal scholars, researchers, or university professors.
This degree typically requires the completion of an original dissertation that contributes significantly to the field of legal studies. Admission to SJD programs is highly competitive and often limited to those who have demonstrated exceptional academic ability and research potential.
PhD in Law
Some universities offer a PhD in Law, which is more common in countries outside the United States, such as the United Kingdom or Australia. This program also involves rigorous research and the production of a doctoral thesis. The focus is usually on theoretical, comparative, or interdisciplinary legal research.
PhD in Law programs emphasize academic scholarship, legal theory, and often involve teaching responsibilities. These programs are ideal for those interested in policy analysis, academic research, and contributing to the intellectual development of legal studies.
Why Pursue a Doctorate in Law?
There are several motivations for obtaining a doctorate in law. These motivations often extend beyond practicing law and lean more toward academic, scholarly, and policy-oriented careers.
- Academic Careers: A doctorate is often necessary for those who want to become law professors or academic researchers in top universities.
- Research Opportunities: Doctoral programs allow for deep investigation into specialized areas of law, leading to original contributions to the field.
- Policy Influence: Graduates often work in governmental or international organizations where they help shape legal policy and reform.
- Global Recognition: In some countries, a PhD or SJD is a mark of legal expertise and may carry more prestige than a JD or LLM.
Who Should Consider a Law Doctorate?
Doctoral law degrees are not for everyone. These programs require a strong commitment to legal scholarship, excellent writing and analytical skills, and the ability to work independently over an extended period. Individuals who are most likely to benefit from a law doctorate include:
- Legal scholars aiming for a career in academia
- Lawyers interested in becoming subject matter experts
- Policy analysts working with think tanks or NGOs
- Legal professionals pursuing international legal studies or comparative law
Admission Requirements for Doctoral Law Programs
Entry into an SJD or PhD in Law program is highly competitive. Applicants are generally expected to hold a JD or LLM with high academic standing. Additional requirements may include:
- A research proposal outlining intended areas of study
- Strong letters of recommendation from academic mentors
- Published work or writing samples demonstrating research potential
- Proof of English proficiency for non-native speakers
Some institutions also require applicants to have professional experience in the legal field or a demonstrated commitment to legal research and scholarship.
Program Duration and Structure
Doctoral programs in law typically take three to five years to complete. The structure of the program often includes:
- Coursework in advanced legal theory and research methodology (first year)
- Development of a comprehensive research proposal
- Completion of a doctoral dissertation under faculty supervision
- Oral defense of the dissertation before a panel of legal scholars
Students may also be required to publish portions of their dissertation in academic journals or present their research at conferences.
Career Paths After a Doctorate in Law
Graduates of law doctorate programs often pursue diverse and influential careers. While some return to legal practice, most find roles in academia, research, policy development, and international law. Common career paths include:
- University professor or lecturer in law
- Research fellow or legal analyst
- Policy advisor for governments or international bodies
- Legal consultant in highly specialized fields such as environmental law, human rights, or international trade
Because of the rigorous nature of these degrees, graduates are often recognized as experts in their chosen field and may enjoy leadership roles in legal education and policy-making institutions.
Global Perspective on Doctoral Law Degrees
In many countries, the pathway to a doctorate in law differs from the U.S. system. In Europe, for instance, legal education follows a more research-oriented structure from the beginning. Students may pursue a master’s degree followed by a PhD, often with a narrower focus on legal theory or socio-legal studies.
In Commonwealth countries, doctoral degrees are more common among law faculty and are often a requirement for tenure-track positions. These international perspectives reflect the value placed on advanced legal scholarship across different educational systems.
So, can you get a doctorate in law? The answer is a definite yes, through programs such as the Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD or JSD) and the PhD in Law. These programs are designed for legal professionals who aspire to go beyond practice and delve into academic research, policy development, and legal theory. While not required for most legal careers, a doctorate in law opens doors to specialized roles and allows for meaningful contributions to the understanding and evolution of legal systems. For those passionate about law as an academic discipline, earning a doctoral law degree can be a rewarding and intellectually enriching journey.